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两阶段理论适用于阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症、肌肉萎缩等疾病
研究发现,在细胞水平上的变性发生在两个不同的阶段,其标志是调控基本细胞功能的蛋白质信号通路的活动非常不同。 研究人员称:“我们希望临床医生和其他研究人员明白,退化的两个阶段代表不同的实体,信号通路上的不同对疾病病理会有不一样的影响,换句话说,我们认为病人需要根据他们所处的阶段接受不同的治疗。” Stern和McNew的图表显示了关键细胞信号蛋白的活性在变性开始时是如何增加或减少的,最终导致氧化应激。然后,氧化应激导致了疾病的第二阶段,在此期间发生退化,其中牵涉到第一阶段的信号蛋白表现出完全不一样的行为方式。
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科学家发现阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症与Dlgap2基因的新联系
通过研究一大批不同基因的老鼠的记忆和脑组织,研究小组发现,Dlgap2基因的表达与老鼠的记忆丧失程度和人类患阿尔茨海默氏痴呆的风险有关,进一步的研究将确定该基因如何影响痴呆和精神功能。 Dlgap2位于神经元的突触中,用于固定学习和记忆所需要的神经元之间信号的关键受体。研究人员称,在研究人类死后的脑组织时,研究小组发现,在“认知健康状况较差”和“认知衰退较快”的人死前,Dlgap2水平较低。
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Brain waves guide us in spotlighting surprises
By measuring thousands of neurons along the surface, or cortex, of the brain in animals as they reacted to predictable and surprising images, the researchers observed that low frequency alpha and beta brain waves, or rhythms, originating in the brain’s frontal cognitive regions tamped down neural activity associated with predictable stimuli. That paved the way […]
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Pregnancy stress may shape baby brain
Infants’ brains may be shaped by levels of stress their mother experiences during pregnancy, a study has revealed. Stress levels in mothers – measured by a hormone linked to anxiety and other health problems – is related to changes in areas of the infant brain associated with emotional development, the study suggests. Doctors say the […]
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Team uses copper to image Alzheimer’s aggregates in the brain
A proof-of-concept study conducted in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease offers new evidence that copper isotopes can be used to detect the amyloid-beta protein deposits that form in the brains of people living with – or at risk of developing – Alzheimer’s.
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Stronger memories can help us make sense of future changes
New research found the stronger a memory is first encoded, the easier it is for a person to notice subsequent changes and to integrate them into their updated understanding. “The bigger the discrepancy is between a previous memory and what happens the next time,” Zacks said, “the stronger the signal is that you need to […]
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Scientists Identify Brain Cells that Help Drive Bodily Reaction to Fear, Anxiety
Rodríguez-Romaguera, Ung, Stuber and colleagues examined a brain region within the amygdala called the BNST (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis), which has been linked in prior research to fear and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Increasingly, scientists view this region as a promising target for future psychiatric drugs. In this case, the researchers zeroed in […]
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Two-phase theory applies to diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, muscle atrophy
Researchers in Rice’s Department of BioSciences, propose that degeneration, at the cellular level, occurs in two distinct phases that are marked by very different activities of protein signaling pathways that regulate basic cell functions. “We would like clinicians and other researchers to understand that the two phases of degeneration represent distinct entities, with distinct alterations […]
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JAX, UMaine scientists lead discovery of new connection between Alzheimer’s dementia and existing gene
By studying the memory and brain tissue from a large group of genetically diverse mice, the team found that the expression of the gene Dlgap2 is associated with the degree of memory loss in mice and risk for Alzheimer’s dementia in humans. Further research will ascertain how the gene influences dementia and mental function. Dlgap2, […]
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潜伏的威胁:异常蛋白质释放神经退行性疾病中的潜在毒性
韩国大邱庆北科技大学的科学家在《Journal of Cell Biology》上发表的最新研究中,发现了异常蛋白质实际上在神经元中释放一种固有但通常潜在的天然蛋白质的毒性,这会导致树突状缺陷(神经元的分支部分连接到下一个神经元)。 因此,他们的结果部分解释了患病神经元的机理。 尽管研究人员专注于马查多-约瑟夫病(MJD),但其研究结果与其他疾病也有关联