Author: Nick

  • Millimetre-precision drug delivery to the brain

    Focused ultrasound waves help ETH researchers to deliver drugs to the brain with pinpoint accuracy, in other words only to where their effect is desired. This method is set to enable treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders and tumours with fewer side effects in the future.

  • NIH scientists reveal how the brain may fuel intense neural communication

    Our thoughts, feelings, and movements are controlled by billions of neurons talking to each other at trillions of specialized communication points called synapses. In an in-depth study of neurons grown in laboratory petri dishes, National Institutes of Health researchers discovered how the chattiest of some synapses find the energy to support intense conversations thought to […]

  • Stem cells can help repair spinal cord after injury

    Spinal cord injury often leads to permanent functional impairment. In a new study published in the journal Science researchers at Karolinska Institutet show that it is possible to stimulate stem cells in the mouse spinal cord to form large amounts of new oligodendrocytes, cells that are essential to the ability of neurons to transmit signals, […]

  • ‘Social cells’ related to social behavior identified in the brain

    A research team led by Professor TAKUMI Toru of Kobe University’s Graduate School of Medicine (also a Senior Visiting Scientist at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research) have identified ‘social cells’ in the brain that are related to social behavior. The cells were identified via Ca imaging (*1) conducted using a microendoscope (*2). It is […]

  • Penn Medicine Researchers Discover A Rare Genetic Form of Dementia

    A new, rare genetic form of dementia has been discovered by a team of Penn Medicine researchers. This discovery also sheds light on a new pathway that leads to protein build up in the brain — which causes this newly discovered disease, as well as related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease — that could be […]

  • How Aggression Leads to More Aggression

    How Aggression Leads to More Aggression

    Like a champion fighter gaining confidence after each win, a male mouse that prevails in several successive aggressive encounters against other male mice will become even more aggressive in future encounters. This phenomenon is interesting to scientists who study behavioral neuroscience because aggression is an innate behavior in the brain.  Now a team of Caltech […]

  • 研究确立了睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与阿兹海默症的关联

    虽然已有研究表明睡眠呼吸暂停综合征会增加阿兹海默症的患病风险,而阿兹海默症患者亦更容易在睡眠时出现呼吸骤停症状,但两者为何会具有这种关联性以及其中的生物学机制又是什么却仍不甚明了。在对呼吸暂停综合症患者的海马体以及脑干组织进行研究后,皇家墨尔本理工大学的团队发现,呼吸暂停综合症患者的脑内同阿兹海默症患者一样存在着大量的β-淀粉样蛋白和过度磷酸化的Tau蛋白,且这些有毒蛋白最开始出现的地方以及扩散模式也和阿兹海默症的发病特征一模一样。呼吸暂停综合症的症状越是严重,有毒蛋白的堆积量也就越大。在使用气道正压通气的方法对呼吸暂停综合征进行治疗后,这些有毒蛋白也不会随之减少。鉴于这些患者并未表现出任何认知方面的问题,研究人员推测,他们有很大的可能正处于老年痴呆症的早期阶段。在这之后,该团队还打算扩大样本,并对炎症反应以及脑血管的变化进行深入研究,以获取更多有关这两种疾病的病理学信息。

  • 由基因和进化过程塑造的两条大脑轴线

    从一个国家所地处的位置中我们能了解到它的气候状况、所拥有的资源以及临近国家等信息。就像地理位置能决定一个国家的类型一样,不同脑区在大脑中所处的位置和其所具有的功能也密切相关。在对同卵双胞胎、异卵双胞胎以及与两者不相关的人群其大脑结构进行比较分析后,研究人员发现了划分脑区具体布局的两条轴线。其中一条由后脑延伸至前额叶,而另一条则自下而上贯穿整个脑部。前者代表着基础能力向着高级认知功能的渐变,而后者则代表着意义和动机相关的处理机能与空间、时间和运动能力的划分。鉴于猕猴的大脑结构同样是基于这两条轴线来进行分布,因此,研究人员认为,该划分原理应该是进化的产物。这一研究结果的发现不但有助于加深我们对不同脑区的功能及其衍化过程的理解,还能帮助我们认识到正常人群和脑功能障碍患者的大脑在功能划分上所具有的差异。

  • 神经细胞有时会允许“偷听”行为

    大脑内的神经元极其密集,但串频的情况却不怎么容易发生。这是因为,在神经元使用化学物质进行信息传递时,星形胶质细胞会将多余的化学信号清除掉,以防该条信息被非目标神经元接收。然而,这种清除行为的效果却并非总是完美的。如果使用电刺激诱发神经元产生长时程增强效应,那么随着突触强度的增加,星形胶质细胞的清扫力度便会随之减弱,周边神经元也将变得更容易“偷听”到信息。除此以外,当用来接收信号的树突棘体积过大时,神经胶质细胞的触手就会难以将其完全包裹,致使信息向外泄漏。可见,大脑内的信息传递其私密程度并非是恒定不变的。细胞之间的联系越强,所传递的化学信号就越容易被相邻的神经元接收。

  • 最新研究推翻了对自闭症的已有认知

    大多数人对自闭症的印象主要包括语言障碍、不善社交、以及重复性行为。但除此以外,许多自闭症患者还具有感觉和运动方面的问题,像是感官超载、手眼不协调、步态不稳等。有着这些症状的自闭症患者数量并不稀少,然而相关的致病机制却仍不明确。使用眼动追踪以及动作捕捉技术,实验人员对自闭症患者和正常人群在拾取和提起物品时的手眼协调能力进行了研究。出乎意料的是,不同于先前的认知,自闭症患者能同正常人一样使用既有信息对所需提起的物品进行重量方面的预估,并以此来指导自己的行为。可见,自闭症患者在感觉运动方面的障碍并非出自于无法对未来事件进行合理的预测。实验结果发表后,该研究团队已在尝试使用VR技术对这一发现的现实意义进行更深入的探索。